Fig. 5

Production of Mut M mutant enzyme induces a lower unfolded protein response in P. pastoris. Relative expression of D2-BGL (D2) and genes related to UPR and ER quality control were determined using qPCR. HAC1: UPR activating transcription factor; KAR2: ER chaperone; PDI1: protein disulfide isomerase; ERO1: Pdi oxidase; CNE1: calnexin (ER chaperone). Experiments were performed at least in triplicate, and error bars represent the standard deviation. Relative expression was determined using the 2^−ΔΔCT method with expression level of ACT1 in SMD 1168 strain as reference. *: P value < 0.05; **: P value < 0.01 (t test)