Table 3 An overview of LCA studies focusing biodiesel production
From: An overview to process design, simulation and sustainability evaluation of biodiesel production
Feedstock | Focus | Functional unit | Boundaries | Allocation | Impact categories | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jatropha | Comparison of two technologies using differed catalyst | 1 ton biodiesel | Well-to-wheels | – | Human health, ecosystem quality, resources | [76] |
Rapeseed | Comparison of inorganic and biocatalytic production of biodiesel | 1 ton biodiesel | Cradle-to-gate | Mass | ARD, GWP, FWAE, AP/EP, MAE, OLD, HT, TE, PO | [33] |
Waste vegetable oil | Comparison of process alternatives | 1 ton biodiesel | Industrial | Mass | ARD, AP, EP, GWP, MAE, OLD, HT, TE, PO, FWAE | [74] |
Palm oil | Comparison of alkali and biocatalytic process | 1, 5, 10 Mg biodiesel | Cradle-to-gate | – | CC, C, RO, RI, OLD, E, AP/EP, ME, R, LU, FF | [67] |
Poultry fat Sewage sludge Beef tallow Waste cooking oil | Comparison of four production technologies from different FFA-rich wastes | 1 ton biodiesel | Feed transportation and industrial | Mass | GWP, AP, EP, OLD, PO, NRED | [73] |
Palm oil | Comparison of biodiesel technology using bio and alkali catalyst | 1 ton biodiesel 1Â ha palm oil | Agriculture and industrial | Mass | C, RO, RI, CC, R, OLD, E, AP/EP, LU, ME, FF | [70] |
Waste vegetable oil | Biodiesel manufacturing | 2018 kg biodiesel | Cradle to gate | – | GHG | [78] |
Waste vegetable oil Soybean oil | Comparison of the environmental impacts from alkali and biocatalytic biodiesel production | 1 ton biodiesel | Cradle to gate | Mass | ARD, GWP, OLD, TE, PO, HT, FWAE, AP, EP, MAE | [11] |
Jatropha oil Waste vegetable oil | Comparison between jatropha oil and waste vegetable oil for biodiesel production using alkali-catalysed process | 1 ton biodiesel | Cradle to gate | – | GWP, HT, RI, RO, OLD, TE, MAE, AP, EP, LU, NRED, ME | [65] |
Soybean oil | Comparison between ethylic enzymatic and methylic alkaline routes for the production of biodiesel | 1 ton biodiesel | Cradle to gate | – | NRED, GHG, OLD, PO, AP, LEG, SWG | [75] |
Soybean oil Palm oil | Comparison of biodiesel production from palm and soybean oil | 1Â MJ biodiesel | Cradle to gate | Energy | ARD, GWP, HT, AP, EP | [66] |
Soybean oil Jatropha Microalgae | Comparison of biodiesel derived from jatropha, soybean and microalgae | 1Â MJ biodiesel | Well to wheel | Mass energy | GWP, ARD, OLD, PO, AP, EP, HT, FWAE, MAE, TE | [60] |