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Table 2 The theoretical lipid yield and related flux data of different carbon sources with various modifications by L. starkeyi

From: A metabolic model of Lipomyces starkeyi for predicting lipogenesis potential from diverse low-cost substrates

Target modification

Theoretical lipid yield

The source of NADH (mmol)

The source of NADPH (mmol)

Demand of ATP (mmol)

Acetyl-CoA production (mmol)

The carbon loss distribution (C-mol/C-mol, %)

(C-mol/C-mol)

(g/g)

Glycolysis

TCA

Others

PPP

NADH

Others

PPP

Glycolysis/

Gluconeogenesis

TCA

Glucose

Original model

0.524

0.273

29.71

0

0

27.43

✗

0

63.62

14.86

22.86

24.76

0

NADP-dependent GAPDH

0.598

0.311

16.96

0

0

14.35

✗

16.96d

71.86

16.96

11.96

28.26

0

NADP-dependent ALD

0.598

0.311

16.96

0

0

14.35

✗

16.96e

71.86

16.96

11.96

28.26

0

NADP-dependent ME

0.602

0.313

34.15

0

0

13.62

17.89a

0

73.13

17.07

11.36

28.45

0

Transhydrogenases

0.643

0.335

38.60

2.11

0

0

32.62b

1.06f

59.71

18.24

0

32.16

3.52

Reversible ICDHxm

0.643

0.335

38.60

2.11

0

0

32.62c

1.06f

59.71

18.24

0

32.16

3.52

Cellobiose

Original model

0.524

0.287

59.43

0

0

54.86

✗

0

121.90

29.71

22.86

24.76

0

NADP-dependent GAPDH

0.598

0.327

33.92

0

0

28.70

✗

33.91d

138.38

33.91

11.96

28.26

0

NADP-dependent ALD

0.598

0.327

33.92

0

0

28.70

✗

33.91e

138.38

33.91

11.96

28.26

0

NADP-dependent ME

0.606

0.332

68.73

0

0

25.88

37.56a

0

143.35

34.36

10.78

28.64

0

Transhydrogenases

0.649

0.355

77.17

3.59

0

0

66.13b

1.79f

114.67

36.79

0

32.15

2.99

Reversible ICDHxm

0.649

0.355

77.17

3.59

0

0

66.13c

1.79f

114.67

36.79

0

32.15

2.99

Xylose

Original model

0.471

0.245

22.29

0

10 g

30.57

✗

0

49.05

11.14

30.57

22.29

0

NADP-dependent GAPDH

0.538

0.280

12.72

0

10 g

20.76

✗

12.72d

55.22

12.72

20.76

25.43

0

NADP-dependent ALD

0.538

0.280

12.72

0

10 g

20.76

✗

12.72e

55.22

12.72

20.76

25.43

0

NADP-dependent ME

0.583

0.303

27.56

0

10 g

14.15

21.29a

0

66.90

13.78

14.15

27.56

0

Transhydrogenases

0.641

0.334

32.17

1.87

10 g

0

37.03b

0.93f

50.55

15.15

0

32.17

3.74

Reversible ICDHxm

0.641

0.334

32.17

1.87

10 g

0

37.03c

0.93f

50.55

15.15

0

32.17

3.74

Glycerol

Original model

0.524

0.267

14.86

0

0

13.71

✗

0

36.76

7.43

22.86

24.76

0

NADP-dependent GAPDH

0.598

0.304

8.48

0

0

7.17

✗

8.48d

39.79

8.48

11.96

28.26

0

NADP-dependent ALD

0.598

0.304

8.48

0

0

7.17

✗

8.48e

39.79

8.48

11.96

28.26

0

NADP-dependent ME

0.637

0.324

18.07

0

0

3.72

12.96a

0

45.31

9.03

6.20

30.11

0

Transhydrogenases

0.679

0.346

19.26

0

0

0

17.78b

0

37.41

9.63

0

32.10

0

Reversible ICDHxm

0.679

0.346

19.26

0

0

0

17.78c

0

37.41

9.63

0

32.10

0

Acetic acid

Original model

0.470

0.245

0

9.27

0

4.49

✗

3.71f

31.11

4.45

11.24

4.60

37.14

NADP-dependent GAPDH

0.465

0.242

0

8.85

0

6.05

✗

3.25f

32.18

4.40

15.13

5.89

32.46

NADP-dependent ALD

0.470

0.245

0

9.27

0

4.49

✗

3.71f

31.11

4.45

11.24

4.60

37.14

NADP-dependent ME

0.470

0.245

0

9.27

0

4.49

0

3.71f

31.11

4.45

11.24

4.60

37.14

Transhydrogenases

0.485

0.252

0

10.48

0

0

3.40b

5.06f

29.74

4.58

0

0.88

50.63

Reversible ICDHxm

0.485

0.252

0

10.48

0

0

3.40c

5.06f

29.74

4.58

0

0.88

50.63

  1. aThe conversion of NADH to NADPH was mediated by NADP-dependent ME
  2. b, cThe conversion of NADH to NADPH was mediated by transhydrogenase and the reversible ICDHxm, respectively
  3. d, eNADPH was generated from the reactions catalyzed by NADP-dependent GAPD and NADP-dependent ALD, respectively
  4. fNADPH was generated from the reaction catalyzed by the cytoplasmic NADP-dependent ICDHyr
  5. gNADH was generated from the reaction catalyzed by xylitol dehydrogenase
  6. ✗NADPH could not be derived from NADH