Table 2 Representative examples of plasticity engineering of plant MTPSs for modifying product spectrum
Plasticity about | Plant MTPSs | Wild type/mutants | Positions of plasticity residues | Percentage of major products | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Product isomers | AgPinS | Wild type | - | 29.5% α-pinene, 63.4% β-pinene | [49] |
C480S | Region 3 | 50.6% α-pinene, 41.5% β-pinene | |||
S485C | Region 3 | 47.8% α-pinene, 43.3% β-pinene | |||
F597W | Region 4 | 60.6% α-pinene, 29.4% β-pinene | |||
C372S-C480S-S485C-F597W | Region 1 (C372), Region 3, and Region 4 | 79.5% α-pinene, 10.4% β-pinene | |||
Similar complexity | PhLinS | Wild type | – | 100% linalool | [67] |
Exchanging domains IV-1 and IV-4 from PcGerS | covering Region 3 (domain IV-1) and Region 4 (domain IV-4) | 100% geraniol | |||
PcGerS | Wild type | – | 100% geraniol | [67] | |
Swapping domains III-b, III-d and IV-4 from PhLinS | covering Region 1 (domain III-b), Region 2 (domain III-d), and Region 4 (domain IV-4) | 94% linalool | |||
AgLimS | Wild type | – | 71.9% limonene, 16.1% pinene, 11.3% phellandrene | [68] | |
Introducing segment (position 375 to end) from AgLim/PinS | Covering regions 1–4 | 35.7% phellandrene, 28.5% limonene, 24.9% pinene | |||
V384L | Region 1 | 64.9% limonene, 19.6% phellandrene, 15.5% pinene | |||
SfCinS | Wild type | – | 72.4% 1,8-cineole | [44] | |
N338I | Region 1 | 48.3% sabinene, 37% limonene | |||
N338V | Region 1 | 61.2% sabinene, 30.8% limonene | |||
N338I-A339T- G447S-I449P- P450T | Region 1 (N338, A339) and Region 3 (G447, I449, P450) | 86% sabinene | |||
PsSabS | Wild type | – | 44.7% sabinene, 35.9% terpinolene | [41] | |
A595G-F596L- L599F | Region 4 | 42.3% 3-carene, 20% terpinolene | |||
PsCarS2 | Wild type | – | 67.5% 3-carene, 15.4% terpinolene | [41] | |
G595A-L596F- F599L | Region 4 | 47.4% sabinene, 35.2% terpinolene | |||
Divergent complexity | MsLimS | Wild type | – | 96.6% limonene, 2.3% pinene, | [70] |
S454G | Region 3 | 52.13% limonene, 46.1% pinene | [71] | ||
N345A | Region 1 | 39.7% sabinene, 29.3% pinene, 23.3% limonene | [70] | ||
N345L | Region 1 | 51.1% pinene, 25.04% limonene, 21.83% phellandrene | [71] | ||
N345I | Region 1 | 68.87% phellandrene, 18.48% limonene, 11.79% pinene | [71] | ||
Y573F | Region 4 | 88.48% limonene, 4.91% pinene, 4.77% sabinene | [72] | ||
D496N | NSE/DTE motif | 99.23% limonene | [72] | ||
W324Y/W324P | Helix C |  ~ 80% linalool | [70] | ||
H579A/H579D | J/K loop |  ~ 55% limonene, ~ 25% terpineol | [70] | ||
H579K/H579W | J/K loop |  ~ 40% limonene, ~ 25% linalool, 21%-26% terpineol | [70] | ||
M458A | Region 3 | 30.4% terpineol, 28.7% linalool, 11.8% limonene, 10.1% myrcene | [70] | ||
TcTeo/PinS | Wild type | – | Mainly α-pinene and terpinolene | [50] | |
Y327F/ Y429F/ Y575F | Region 2 (Y429), Region 4 (Y575) | Terpinolene predominantly | |||
PsSabS | Wild type | – | 44.7% sabinene, 35.9% terpinolene | [41] | |
F596E | Region 4 | 70.9% limonene, 10.2% sabinene |