Table 3 Ester- and ether-linked hydroxycinnamic acid content in raw and HWP CWR

p-coumaric acid (g.100 g⁻¹ CWR)

 Ester linked

2.58 (± 0.4)

2.20 (± 0.6)

2.87 (± 0.2)

2.66 (± 0.7)

2.76 (± 0.2)

2.31 (± 0.1)

Ferulic acid (g 100 g⁻¹ CWR)

 Ester linked

0.55 (± 0.01)

0.50 (± 0.01)

0.71 (± 0.01)

0.60 (± 0.02)

0.42 (± 0.01)

0.34 (± 0.01)

 Diferulic acid ester linked

0.11 (± 0.01)

0.09 (± 0.01)

0.15 (± 0.01)

0.09 (± 0.01)

0.02 (± 0.01)

0.02 (± 0.01)

 Ether linked

0.44

0.42

0.27

0.34

0.37

0.39