Fig. 4

Biochemical phenotypes of T1 ccr1 homozygous knock-out plants. a Total lignin levels of Col-0, ccr1–3, ccr1–3 ProSNBE:CCR1 and transgenic Crispr:CCR1:ProSNBE: ΔCCR1 T1 lines as determined by the acetyl bromide method. b Lignin monomer composition of the above lines as determined by thioacidolysis and GC/MS after TMS derivatization. c Saccharification efficiencies of the above lines. Cellulose-to-glucose conversions were determined after 10 days of saccharification of senesced inflorescence stems. d Glucose release after 10 days of saccharification per total stem biomass. Samples were saccharified without pretreatment. Bars represent means and standard deviations of four biological replicates. Letters above bars indicate statistical significance by one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05