Table 2 1,2-Propandiol production in engineering bacteria

E. coli

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glucose

gldA (E. coli)↑/dhaD (K. pneumoniae)↑/mgsA (E. coli)↑

0.7 g/L

[52]

E. coli

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glucose

mgsA (B. subtilis)↑/gldA (E. coli)↑/fucO (E. coli)↑/Δzwf/ΔtpiA/ΔpoxB/ΔackA/ΔubiC

1.2 g/L

[73]

E. coli

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glucose

fdh1 (C. boidinii)↑/mgsA (B. subtilis)↑/gldA (E. coli)↑/fucO (E. coli)↑/Δzwf/ΔtpiA/ΔldhA/ΔgloA/ΔadhE

5.13 g/L

[74]

E. coli

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glycerol

mgsA (E. coli)↑/yqhD (E. coli)↑/gldA (E.coli)↑/ΔackA-pta/ΔldhA/dhaK::dhaKL (Citrobacter freundii)

5.6 g/L

[67]

E. coli

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glycerol

mgsA (E. coli)/dhak (E. coli)/gldA (E. coli)/fucO (E.coli) =  > BMC

11.56 mM/OD₆₀₀

[97]

E. coli

Methylglyoxal pathway

Cellobiose

BGL Tfu0937 (Thermobifida fusca YX)↑/mgsA (B. subtilis)↑/gldA (E. coli)↑/fucO (E. coli)↑/ΔptsG/ΔtpiA/ΔgloA/ΔhchA/ΔldhA/ΔaldA

0.11 g/L

[49]

E. coli

Lactate pathway

Glucose

MavCAR (Mycobacterium avium)↑/yahK (E. coli)↑/Δdld/ΔlldD/ΔadhE/ΔfrdA/ΔpflB/ΔmgsA/ΔaldA or ldhA::lldh (Pediococcus acidilactici)

0.73 g/L S-1,2-PDO

0.53 g/L R-1,2-PDO

[99]

E. coli

Lactate pathway

Glucose

pct (M. elsdenii)↑/pdup (S. enterica)↑/yahK (E. coli)↑/Δdld/ΔlldD/ΔadhE/ΔfrdA/ΔpflB/ΔmgsA/ΔaldA/ΔarcA or ldhA::lldh (Pediococcus acidilactici)

9.3 g/L S-1,2-PDO

17.3 g/L R-1,2-PDO

[48]

E. coli

Lactate pathway

L-lactate

pct (Clostridium propionicum DSM 1682)↑/pdcD (Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081)↑/mmsB (Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579)↑/Lldh (Bacillus coagulans)↑/Zppdc (Zymobacter palmae)↑/mhpF (E. coli MG1655)↑/ΔlldD/ΔackA-pta/ΔadhE/ΔpoxB/ΔldhA/ΔmgsA/ΔfrdABCD

1.04 g/L S-1,2-PDO

[98]

E. coli

Lactate pathway

l/d-lactate

pct (M. elsdenii)↑/pdup (S. enterica)↑/yahK (E. coli)↑/ΔlldD/Δdld/ΔldhA/ΔadhE

1.7 g/L S-1,2-PDO

1.5 g/L R-1,2-PDO

[47]

E. coli

Lactate pathway

Starch

amyA (Streptococcus bovis)↑/pct (M. elsdenii)↑/pdup (S. enterica)↑/yahK (E. coli)↑

0.028 g/L

[62]

S. cerevisiae

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glucose

mgsA (E. coli)↑/gldA (E. coli)↑/Δtpi1

1.11 g/L

[80]

S. cerevisiae

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glycerol

mgsA (E. coli)↑/gldA (E. coli)↑/GUT1 (S. cerevisiae)↑/GUT2 (S. cerevisiae)↑/gdh (S. cerevisiae)↑/GUP1 (S. cerevisiae)↑

2.19 g/L

[58]

S. cerevisiae

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glycerol

mgsA (E. coli)↑/yqhD (E. coli)↑/gldA (E.coli)↑/Opgdh (O. parapolymorpha)↑/DAK1 (S. cerevisiae)↑/TPI1 (S. cerevisiae)↓/ΔGUT1

> 4 g/L

[51]

S. cerevisiae

Methylglyoxal pathway

Galactose

mgsA (E. coli)↑/dhaD (Citrobacter freundii)↑

0.45 g/L

[59]

C. glutamicum

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glucose

mgsA (E. coli)↑/cgR_2242 (C. glutamicum)↑

1.83 g/L

[53]

C. glutamicum

Methylglyoxal pathway

Glucose

mgsA (E. coli)↑/yqhD (E. coli)↑/gldA (E.coli)↑/ΔhdpA/Δldh

0.343 mol/mol glucose

[13]

C. glutamicum

–

Pyrolysis water

gldA (E.coli)↑/Δpqo/ΔaceE/ΔldhA/Δmdh

1.39 g/L

[63]

Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

Methylglyoxal pathway

CO₂

mgsA (E. coli)↑/yqhD (E. coli)↑/adh (Clostridium beijerinckii)↑

~ 0.15 g/L

[65]

Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

Methylglyoxal pathway

CO₂

mgsA (E. coli)↑/yqhD (E. coli)↑/adh (Clostridium beijerinckii)↑/ΔglgC

~ 1 g/L

[66]