Co‑cultivation of the anaerobic fungus Caecomyces churrovis with Methanobacterium bryantii enhances transcription of carbohydrate binding modules, dockerins, and pyruvate formate lyases on specific substrates

Table 2 Table of the top ten upregulated fungal genes annotated as CAZymes or associated enzymatic machinery in co-cultures of the anaerobic fungus C. churrovis and the methanogen M. bryantii relative to fungal monocultures of C. churrovis grown on multiple substrates

Avicel			Reed canary grass			Glucose				Fructose			Xylan
Protein Id	Log2-fold change	CAZyme annotation	Protein Id	Log2-fold change	CAZyme annotation	Protein Id	Log2-fold change		CAZyme annotation	Protein Id	Log2-fold change	CAZyme annotation	Protein Id	Log2-fold change	CAZyme annotation
607438	8.00	CBM 18	407913	5.94	CBM 18	407913		9.08	CBM 18	407913	7.72	CBM 18	198053	8.95	CBM 18
547795	5.96	CBM 18	607438	5.08	CBM 18	596610		7.02	GH 73	403091	6.48	GT 71	126623	7.72	CE 6/DOC
629343	5.46	DOC	434710	4.87	DOC	555679		5.95	CBM 18	198053	6.13	CBM 18	524258	6.25	CBM 18
620648	5.14	GT 17	547795	3.91	CBM 18	622576		5.87	CBM 18	529683	5.74	DOC	407913	5.73	CBM 18
513365	4.96	CBM 87	620648	3.55	GT 17	590554		5.55	DOC	436379	4.91	CBM 18	563945	5.29	CBM 18
548447	4.85	CBM 1	526368	3.37	CBM 18	126623		5.39	CE 6/DOC	498097	4.52	DOC	531011	5.23	CBM 18
100311	4.71	CBM 18	574117	3.29	DOC	198053		4.81	CBM 18	401262	4.42	DOC	627323	5.06	CBM 18
528501	4.58	GH 78	607594	2.94	DOC	498097		4.52	DOC	136193	4.19	DOC	513365	4.53	CBM 87
430401	4.42	DOC/GH 30	136193	2.93	DOC	621851		4.45	GH 25	620648	4.10	GT 17	622031	4.11	CBM 18
207551	4.15	CBM 18	579030	2.83	CBM 18	593248		4.40	DOC	607438	4.08	CBM 18	527510	3.92	CBM 18

Co-cultures of the anaerobic fungus and the methanogen and fungal monocultures were grown on Avicel^® (A), reed canary grass, glucose, fructose, and xylan. Differential expression of fungal genes in co-cultures relative to fungal monocultures was determined using DESEQ2. The ten genes with the highest log2-fold change in expression in co-culture relative to fungal monoculture are shown in the table above for each substrate and organized into the following classifications: carbohydrate binding module family (CBM), dockerins (DOC), carbohydrate esterase family (CE), glycoside hydrolase family (GH), and glycosyltransferase family (GT). Dockerin-fused CAZymes are indicated by a forward slash between annotations. CBMs were highly upregulated, indicating that there may be an increase in enzymatic machinery that aids in anchoring CAZymes to substrates in co-culture, even when grown on soluble sugars

ISSN: 2731-3654