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Fig. 1 | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Fig. 1

From: Omics analysis coupled with gene editing revealed potential transporters and regulators related to levoglucosan metabolism efficiency of the engineered Escherichia coli

Fig. 1

Comparison of total identified proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of fructose-feeding and levoglucosan-feeding cells. E. coli LGE2 cells were cultured at 37 °C and 150 rpm in levoglucosan- or fructose-based M9 minimal media. Fru1 and LG1 denote the cells fed with fructose and levoglucosan, respectively, were harvested at the early-log growth phase; while Fru2 and LG2 denote the cells fed with fructose and levoglucosan, respectively, were harvested at mid-log growth phase. A Heatmap analysis of the total identified proteins in all the samples, and dendrogram shows the relationship of samples in protein expression. B Heatmap analysis coupled with COG categories of the total identified proteins in all the samples. Clusters 1 represents cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and cell motility; Clusters 2 represents amino acid transport and metabolism; Clusters 3 represents energy production and conversion; Clusters 4 represents nucleotide transport and metabolism; Clusters 5 represents carbohydrate transport and metabolism; Clusters 6 represents DNA replication, recombination, repair, transcription, and RNA translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis; Clusters 7 represents lipid transport and metabolism; Clusters 8 represents inorganic ion transport and metabolism; Clusters 9 represents defense and signal transduction mechanisms; Clusters 10 represents secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism; Clusters 11 represents poorly characterized proteins. C Number of unique and shared DEPs in levoglucosan-feeding cells relative to fructose-feeding cells at both the early- and mid-log phases

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