Fig. 1From: Omics analysis coupled with gene editing revealed potential transporters and regulators related to levoglucosan metabolism efficiency of the engineered Escherichia coliComparison of total identified proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of fructose-feeding and levoglucosan-feeding cells. E. coli LGE2 cells were cultured at 37 °C and 150 rpm in levoglucosan- or fructose-based M9 minimal media. Fru1 and LG1 denote the cells fed with fructose and levoglucosan, respectively, were harvested at the early-log growth phase; while Fru2 and LG2 denote the cells fed with fructose and levoglucosan, respectively, were harvested at mid-log growth phase. A Heatmap analysis of the total identified proteins in all the samples, and dendrogram shows the relationship of samples in protein expression. B Heatmap analysis coupled with COG categories of the total identified proteins in all the samples. Clusters 1 represents cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and cell motility; Clusters 2 represents amino acid transport and metabolism; Clusters 3 represents energy production and conversion; Clusters 4 represents nucleotide transport and metabolism; Clusters 5 represents carbohydrate transport and metabolism; Clusters 6 represents DNA replication, recombination, repair, transcription, and RNA translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis; Clusters 7 represents lipid transport and metabolism; Clusters 8 represents inorganic ion transport and metabolism; Clusters 9 represents defense and signal transduction mechanisms; Clusters 10 represents secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism; Clusters 11 represents poorly characterized proteins. C Number of unique and shared DEPs in levoglucosan-feeding cells relative to fructose-feeding cells at both the early- and mid-log phasesBack to article page