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Table 3 Summaries of recently published works on microbial d-lactic acid production from lignocellulosic wastes using different nutrient sources

From: d-Lactic acid production from agricultural residues by membrane integrated continuous fermentation coupled with B vitamin supplementation

Substrate

Microorganism

Fermentation mode

D-lactic acid

References

Carbon sources

Nitrogen sources

Titer (g/l)

Productivity (g/l/h)

Yield a(g/g)

O.P b (%)

Bassage cellulose

YE

L. lactis mutant RM2-24

SSF (Batch)

73.0

1.52

0.73

–

[41]

Microalga

YE, PEP

L. coryniformis subsp. torquens ATCC 25,600

SSCF (Batch)

36.6

1.02

0.46

99.6

[42]

Curcuma Longa

SM

L. coryniformis ATCC 25,600

SSCF (Batch)

91.61

2.08

0.65

99.5

[43]

Pulp

YE, PEP, BE

L. delbrueckii ATCC 9649

SHF (Batch)

36.3

1.01

0.83

99.8

[44]

Hard wood pulp

BE

L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 (ΔldhL1::PxylAB-Δxpk1::tkt-Δxpk2::PxylAB)

SSF (Batch)

102.3

2.29

0.88

99.2

[22]

Sorghum stalks

YE, PEP

L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 (ΔldhL1-pCU-PxylAB)

SSCF (Batch)

22.0

0.65

0.55

99.0

[13]

Corn stover

YE, PEP

L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 (ΔldhL1-pCU-PxylAB)

SSCF (Batch)

27.3

0.75

0.68

99.0

[13]

Corn stover

SM

L. plantarum NCIMB 8826(ΔldhL1-pLEM-xylAB)

SSF (Fed-batch)

61.4

0.32

0.77

 > 99.0

[29]

Corn stover

YE, PEP, BE

P. acidilactici ZP26 (ldh deficient strain)

SSF (Batch)

77.8

1.02

0.58b

99.3

[15]

Corncob residues

CM

S. inulinus YBS1–5

SHF (Fed-batch)

107.2

1.19

0.85

99.2

[20]

Pulp mill residue

YE, PEP, BE

L. coryniformis subsp. torquens ATCC® 25600™

SHF (Batch)

57.0

2.80

0.97

98.3

[45]

Wheat bran

WBH

S. inulinus YBS1–5

SSF (Fed-batch)

87.3

0.81

0.65

99.1

[46]

Corn stover

YE, PEP, BE

L. delbrueckii sp. bulgaricus CICC21101

SSF (Batch)

18.0

0.36

0.18b

99.0

[47]

Corn stover

YE, PEP, BE

P. acidilactici ZY15

SSCF (Batch)

97.3

1.01

0.65b

99.2

[10]

Corn stover

YE, PEP, BE

P. acidilactici ZY15

SSCF (Batch)

124.8

1.73

0.81b

 > 99.0

[48]

Beechwood

YE, PEP, BE

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC® 11842

SSF (Batch)

62.1

0.86

0.69

–

[49]

Corn stover

YE, PEP, BE

P. acidilactici ZY15-ΔackA2::CGS9114_RS09725

SSCF (Batch)

115.0

1.60

0.61b

 > 99.0

[50]

Rice straw

YE, VB

L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii NBRC 3202

MICF (Continuous)

46.6

18.56

0.92

99.5

This study

  1. BE: Barley extract; CM: cottonseed meal; ME: meat extract; MICF: Membrane integrated continuous fermentation; PEP: peptone; SHF: Separate hydrolysis and fermentation; SM: soybean meal; SSCF: Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation; SSF: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation; VB: Vitamins B; WBH: wheat bran hydrolysate; WPH: whey protein hydrolysate; YE: yeast extract
  2. a Yield refers to initial substrate amount
  3. b Optical purity of D-lactic acid