Fig. 1

The heterologous MVA pathway introduced into E. coli to produce β-caryophyllene. Enzymes and some of the reaction intermediates necessary for the production of β-caryophyllene through the MVA pathway. Enzymes involved in the MVA and MEP pathway: MvaE acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase/HMG-CoA reductase, MvaS HMG-CoA synthase, MK mevalonate kinase, PMK phosphomevalonate kinase, MVD mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase, IDI IPP isomerase, DXS 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, DXR 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, IspD 4-pyrophosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase, IspE 4-pyrophosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol kinase, IspF 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclopyrophosphate synthase, IspG 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl pyrophosphate synthase, IspH 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-butenyl 4-pyrophosphate reductase, GPPS geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, FPPS farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Intermediates involved in the MVA and MEP pathway: G-3-P glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, DXP 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, MEP 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate, CDP-ME 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methylD-erythritol, MEcPP 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate, HMBPP 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate, A-CoA acetyl-CoA, AA-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA, HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, Mev-P mevalonate 5-phosphate, Mev-PP mevalonate 5-diphosphate, IPP isopentenyl pyrophosphate, DMAPP dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, GPP geranyl diphosphate, FPP farnesyl pyrophosphate