Fig. 3

The cell growth and metabolite production of K. pneumoniae ΔbudA–ΔldhA–ipdC and K. pneumoniae ΔbudA–ΔldhA–kivD in batch culture without IPTG induction. Cells were cultured in 5 L bioreactors and no IPTG was added to the culture broth in the process. Data points are the average of n = 3; error bars represent standard error about the mean