Fig. 7

Metabolic pathway of ethanol and acetate metabolism in S. cerevisiae (A). The enzymes related to ethanol biosynthesis and acetate formation/degradation are: Pdc1, pyruvate decarboxylase; Adh1-5, alcohol dehydrogenase; Ald2-6, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and Acs1-2, acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthase. Major enzymes are shown in bold. The colors of genes represented the log2 relative transcription of genes of aqr1∆tpo2∆tpo3∆ in the absence of acetic acid, which are corresponding to the heatmap. Heatmap (B) representation of the log2 relative transcription of genes involved in ethanol and acetate metabolism in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK 2-1D (wild type) and acetate transporter deletion mutants in mineral medium without (black bar) or with 20 mM acetic acid (grey bar). The plotted relative transcription was normalized to the wild type levels in the absence of acetic acid. The color scale indicates the relative transcription levels with red downregulation and blue upregulation. Data are shown as the average of biological duplicates