Fig. 3

Utilization of lignocellulosic conversion residue by Streptomyces, yeasts, and mixed microbial consortium. Microbes were incubated in LCR then subjected to COD assays and metabolite analyses via HPLC. Streptomyces are shown in orange, yeasts in purple, and the mixed microbial consortium (MMC) in black on each panel. Percent of soluble COD utilized after incubation of indicated microbes in LCR is calculated relative to a media control. Characterized metabolites include C1–C6 compounds formate, acetate, ethanol, succinate, pyruvate, propionate, lactate, glycerol, xylitol, xylose, and glucose, as well as the glucose dimer cellobiose. The uncharacterized fraction includes all other soluble components such as oligomeric sugars, monolignols from the plant matter, AFEX pretreatment residues, cell debris, or other metabolic byproducts. Values reported are the average of at least two biological replicates with standard deviation denoted by error bars