Skip to main content

Table 2 Limonene titer in engineered microorganisms

From: Metabolic engineering of Ashbya gossypii for limonene production from xylose

Organism

Carbon source; culture mode

Limonene synthase

Relevant modifications

Titer (mg/L)

Refs.

E. coli

Glycerol; bioreactor; fed-batch

Mentha spicata, codon-optimized, truncated

Plasmid for gene overexpression of: atoB and idi from E. coli; ERG13, tHMG1, ERG12, ERG8 and ERG19 from S. cerevisiae; and tGPPS from Abies grandis

3630

[43]

E. coli

Glucose; shake flask; fed-batch

M. spicata, codon-optimized

MvaE and MvaSA110G from Enterococcus faecalis with synthetic RBS; MVK (ERG12) from Methanosarcina mazei; ERG8, ERG19 and IDI1 from S. cerevisiae; and tNDPS1 from S. lycopersicum

1290

[44]

E. coli

Glycerol; bioreactor; fed-batch

M. spicata, codon-optimized, truncated

atoB from E. coli; ERG13, tHMG1, ERG12, ERG8, ERG19 and IDI1 from S. cerevisiae; and tGPPS from A. grandis

1350

[45]

S. cerevisiae

Glucose and ethanol; shake flask, fed-batch

C. limon, codon-optimized, truncated

tHMG1, IDI1, tNDPS1 from S. lycopersicum; and ERG20F96W−N127W

917.7

[32]

S. cerevisiae

Galactose:raffinose (2:1); shake flask; semi-batch

C. limon, mutant H570Y

HMG2K6R, gene fusion ERG20N127W-SlNDPS1

166

[34]

Y. lipolytica

Glucose; shake flask

A. rugosa, codon-optimized, truncated

HMG1, ERG12, and tNDPS1 from S. lycopersicum

23.56

[28]

Y. lipolytica

Glycerol and citrate; bioreactor; fed-batch

Agastache rugosa, codon-optimized, truncated

HMG1, ERG12, tNDPS1 from S. lycopersicum

165.3

[46]

Y. lipolytica

Glucose; bioreactor; fed-batch

C. limon or M. spicata

HMG1. Optimization of fermentation conditions

D-limonene:11.7; L-limonene:11.08

[26]