Fig. 4From: Water-soluble saponins accumulate in drought-stressed switchgrass and may inhibit yeast growth during bioethanol productionCarbon dioxide produced during yeast fermentation showed reproducible patterns across the different extraction treatments. A Unextracted switchgrass. B Pre-AFEX water extraction. C Post-AFEX water extraction. D Pre-AFEX ethanol extraction. E Post-AFEX ethanol extraction. F Pre-AFEX ethyl acetate extraction. G Post-AFEX ethyl acetate extraction. Rows represent replicates for a particular sample in a column, 2010 (normal year) and 2012 (drought year) in the same extraction column and same row were paired for all hydrolysis and fermentation experimentsBack to article page