Fig. 4From: Efficient biosynthesis of (R)-mandelic acid from styrene oxide by an adaptive evolutionary Gluconobacter oxydans STAMembrane integrity, permeability and hydrophobicity analysis of G. oxydans WT and the adapted strain STA. a NPN fluorescence intensity analyses of outer membrane permeability in WT and STA. b Inner membrane permeability change of propidium iodide (PI) uptake factor in WT and STA. c Flow cytometry analyses of membrane integrity in WT and STA. Cells were stained with PI. d Membrane hydrophobicity was changed in WT and STA. *P < 0.1. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001Back to article page