Advanced biorefinery in lower termite-effect of combined pretreatment during the chewing process

Table 4 Percentages of pyrolysates from termite-chewed and control sample at 510°C.

	Name	Molecular formula	Molecular weight	Retention time (min)	Control^a (%)	Chewed softwood (%)
1	Furfural	C5H4O2	96	5.324	1.21	0.88
22	3-butyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone	C8H14O2	142	8.340	0.50	NA
23	2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone	C6H8O3	128	11.442	0.57	0.26
24	5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde	C6H6O3	126	15.191	1.96	0.37
25 ^b	α-D-glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl	C18H32O16	504	16.226	1.49	NA
26 ^c	3-(1-cyclopentenyl) furan	C9H10O	134	17.555	0.12	NA
27	α-D-glucopyranoside, α-D-glucopyranosyl	C12H22O11	342	20.182-20.432	3.02	NA
12 ^d	Levoglucosan	C6H10O5	162	21.200-21.511	4.33	9.02

^aMean of three replicate analyses; ^bcleavage between cellulose and hemicelluloses molecules; ^cprefer degradation of hemicelluloses units; ^dprobable depolymerization of the cellulose fiber. See the structures of the labeled pyrolysates in Figure 3.

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