| Fermentation with selective adsorption of butanol | Fermentation with co-adsorption of acetone | Fermentation with redox modulation |
---|---|---|---|
Fermentation time (h) | 57 | 64 | 135 |
Glucose fermented (g/L) | 198 | 297 | 367 |
Resin used (g) | 418 | 812 | 910 |
Adsorbed ethanol (g) | 1.8 | 0.82 | 2.2 |
Adsorbed acetone (g) | 12.3 | 35.7 | 23.6 |
Adsorbed butanol (g) | 42.1 | 68.1 | 84.7 |
Adsorbed acetoin (g) | 0.40 | 2.4 | 1.2 |
Adsorbed butyrate (g) | 1.9 | 3.1 | 8.7 |
Equivalent ethanol concentration (g/L) | 5.1 | 4.8 | 6.8 |
Equivalent acetone concentration (g/L) | 14.8 | 30.9 | 28.8 |
Equivalent butanol concentration (g/L) | 38.2 | 58.3 | 92.6 |
Equivalent acetoin concentration (g/L) | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
Equivalent butyrate concentration (g/L) | 1.7 | 2.4 | 10.8 |
aSolvent concentration (g/L) | 59.8 | 96.5 | 130.7 |
aSolvent productivity (g · L-1 · h-1) | 1.05 | 1.51 | 0.97 |
aSolvent yield (g/g) | 0.302 | 0.325 | 0.356 |
bTotal product yield (g/g) | 0.311 | 0.333 | 0.386 |
Butanol-acetone molar ratio | 2.6c | 1.9 | 3.2 |