Table 1 Effects of reaction parameters on the generation of 5-HMF and furfural during flowthrough pretreatment
Flow rate (mL/minute) | Temperature (°C) | Reaction time (minutes)a | H2SO4concentration (%) | pH | 5-HMF (%) | Furfural (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 220 | 5 | 0 | 3.98 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 220 | 10 | 0 | 3.90 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 240 | 5 | 0 | 3.77 | 1.8 | 0 |
10 | 240 | 10 | 0 | 3.67 | 3.1 | 0 |
10 | 250 | 5 | 0 | 3.66 | 2.8 | 0.7 |
10 | 250 | 10 | 0 | 3.56 | 3.1 | 0.8 |
10 | 220 | 5 | 0.05 | 2.41 | 1.3 | 0 |
10 | 240 | 5 | 0.05 | 2.36 | 4.5 | 1.2 |
25 | 240 | 6 | 0 | 3.73 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 240 | 10 | 0 | 3.67 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 270 | 6 | 0 | 3.21 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 270 | 10 | 0 | 3.18 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 280 | 6 | 0 | 3.19 | 3.0 | 0.5 |
25 | 240 | 6 | 0.05 | 2.34 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 250 | 6 | 0.05 | 2.28 | 2.6 | 0.3 |
62.5 | 270 | 5.6 | 0 | 3.23 | 0 | 0 |
62.5 | 280 | 5.6 | 0 | 3.12 | 1.6 | 0 |
62.5 | 250 | 5.6 | 0.05 | 2.33 | 1.2 | 0 |