Table 1 Comparison of flask batch fermentations by K. oxytoca M1 using pure and crude glycerol

Glycerol consumption (g/L)

33.9 ± 0.27

37.8 ± 0.74

Dry cell weight (g/L)

2.2 ± 0.29

1.6 ± 0.10

Lactic acid (g/L)

0.3 ± 0.59

4.2 ± 0.13

Ethanol (g/L)

2.5 ± 0.39

3.1 ± 0.13

1,3-PDO (g/L)

0

0

2,3-BDO (g/L)

8.4 ± 0.46

8.9 ± 0.26

2,3-BDO productivity (g/L/H)

0.17 ± 0.01

0.19 ± 0.01

2,3-BDO yield (g/g)

0.25 ± 0.02

0.24 ± 0.00

Final pH

6.0 ± 0.04

4.9 ± 0.01

Time (h)

48

48