Table 2 Elemental composition of thin stillage from sugar and energy cane used for bioethanol production
Element | Name | Energy cane stillage (n = 3) | Sugar cane stillage (n = 6) | t test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mg/L) | (mM) | (mg/L) | (mM) | p value | ||
Al | Aluminum | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 1.06 ± 0.15 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 7.3 × 10−6 (#) |
As | Arsenic | < | < | < | < | – |
B | Boron | 1.81 ± 0.35 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.067 (=) |
Ba | Barium | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | < | < | – |
Be | Beryllium | < | < | < | < | – |
Ca | Calcium | 659.05 ± 5.80 | 16.44 ± 0.14 | 375.93 ± 2.83 | 9.38 ± 0.07 | 1.3 × 10−12 (#) |
Cd | Cadmium | < | < | < | < | – |
Co | Cobalt | < | < | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | – |
Cr | Chromium | 0.71 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.28 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 7.3 × 10−11 (#) |
Cu | Copper | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 6.3 × 10−5 (#) |
Fe | Iron | 37.94 ± 0.35 | 0.68 ± 0.01 | 5.44 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 1.4 × 10−6 (#) |
K | Potassium | 201.53 ± 6.64 | 5.15 ± 0.17 | 93.46 ± 1.35 | 2.39 ± 0.03 | 1.1 × 10−8 (#) |
Li | Lithium | < | < | < | < | – |
Mg | Magnesium | 470.01 ± 7.50 | 19.34 ± 0.31 | 234.96 ± 0.44 | 9.67 ± 0.02 | 1.9 × 10−10 (#) |
Mn | Manganese | 1.70 ± 0.05 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 1.11 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 1.3 × 10−6 (#) |
Mo | Molybdenum | < | < | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | – |
Na | Sodium | 3617.74 ± 73.67 | 157.36 ± 3.20 | 888.39 ± 9.32 | 38.64 ± 0.41 | 0.00066 (#) |
Ni | Nickel | 1.54 ± 0.04 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 1.18 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 5.0 × 10−9 (#) |
P | Phosphorus | 97.23 ± 1.43 | 3.14 ± 0.05 | 109.07 ± 0.49 | 3.52 ± 0.02 | 1.9 × 10−15 (#) |
Pb | Lead | < | < | < | < | – |
S | Sulfur | 780.79 ± 6.50 | 24.35 ± 0.20 | 384.71 ± 4.42 | 12.00 ± 0.14 | 5.2 × 10−12 (#) |
Sb | Antimony | < | < | < | < | – |
Se | Selenium | < | < | < | < | – |
Si | Silicon | 46.29 ± 12.79 | 1.65 ± 0.46 | 26.07 ± 0.44 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.00027 (#) |
Sn | Tin | < | < | < | < | – |
Sr | Strontium | 0.70 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.25 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 9.8 × 10−9 (#) |
Ti | Titanium | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.3 × 10−10 (#) |
Tl | Thallium | < | < | < | < | – |
V | Vanadium | < | < | < | < | – |
Zn | Zinc | 1.71 ± 0.08 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.78 ± 0.25 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.0025 (#) |