Fig. 2

a Concentrations of ethanol, xylose, and glucose during liquid fermentation with no pre-hydrolysis (black) and with pre-hydrolysis for 2 (grey) and 4 (white) h. b Overall and metabolic ethanol yield (g/g) based on available sugars (pale blue) and consumed sugars (dark blue), respectively, after liquid fermentation with no pre-hydrolysis (0 h) and with pre-hydrolysis for 2 and 4 h. The error bars represent the highest and lowest results of duplicate experiments