Fig. 3
From: The significance of proline and glutamate on butanol chaotropic stress in Bacillus subtilis 168
Metabolic network of glutamate, proline, and arginine metabolism in B. subtilis 168 (A). Expression of genes involved in glutamate, proline, arginine metabolism, and protein transporter (B). The numbers are expressed as fold change of gene expression from cells treated with 1.2–1.4% butanol for 1 h in comparison to that of cells prior to the treatment. The results are the mean of at least three independent treatments. The italic letters indicate significant difference from the non-treatment control value of each gene (p < 0.05)