Fig. 3

Physiological comparison among ptsG variants of wild-type E. coli W3110. a Schematic metabolic pathway for wild-type E. coli. The dotted red and blue arrows indicate glycolytic flux control and the corresponding change in flux for two natural metabolites, respectively. b Specific growth rate, c acetate, and d pyruvate are represented as a function of the specific glucose uptake rate. The specific glucose uptake rate was determined as growth rate divided by biomass yield during exponential growth as previously described [33]. One OD₆₀₀ unit corresponds to 0.25 g dry cell weight (DCW)/L. The error bars indicate standard deviations of measurements from two independent cultures