Fig. 8
From: Biosynthesis pathways of expanding carbon chains for producing advanced biofuels
The complex relationship in different biosynthesis pathways of expanding carbon chain. Every one-carbon chain extension generates a global net effect per catalytic cycle regardless of whether the pathway involving 2-keto acid intermediate (“ + 1” or “ + 2” pathway) or a biosynthesis pathway using fatty acid intermediates and reverses β-oxidation. A mixture containing various advanced biofuels namely, longer, branched or unbranched carbon chains (e.g., alcohols) is capable of producing via the per addition of one carbon. Gly-3-P: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; PEP phosphoenolpyruvate; Pv pyruvate; MC malonyl-CoA; MA malonyl-ACP; AC acyl-CoA