Fig. 1

Analysis of biofilm formation capacity. A S. cerevisiae 1308, 1308-FLO5, 1308-FLO8 and 1308-FLO10 strains were incubated in 96-well plate and biofilms were then stained with crystal violet, darker color means more biofilms. B The optical density at 570 nm was measured after the crystalline violet staining of biofilms. C Plate invasion capability of S. cerevisiae 1308, 1308-FLO5, 1308-FLO8 and 1308-FLO10 strains. D Growth of S. cerevisiae 1308, 1308-FLO5, 1308-FLO8 and 1308-FLO10 with serially diluted inoculum. E Images of aggregation of S. cerevisiae 1308, 1308-FLO5, 1308-FLO8 and 1308-FLO10 observed under a microscope, the cells of recombinant strains aggregated, whereas the WT strain was dispersed