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Table 3 Average quasi-steady-state conditions in both PFRs depending on feedstock and process conditions

From: Plug-flow hydrolysis with lignocellulosic residues: effect of hydraulic retention time and thin-sludge recirculation

Feedstock

Condition

Reactor

sCOD

SCCA

Acetic acid

Butyric acid

Lactic acid

Hydrolysis

Acidification

SHY

Acid yield

gO2 L−1

gSCCA L−1

%

%

%

%

%

gO2 kgVS−1

gSCCA kgVS−1

MS

7 d

PFR1

13.5

5.42

21.0 ± 0.3

71.1 ± 1.0

1.56 ± 0.5

17.2

65.4

431.7a

173.9

7 d R20

 

15.1

7.2

22.1 ± 1.8

62.2 ± 3.3

2.22 ± 0.9

19.0

73.8

395.1

185.0

14 d

PFR1a

25.8 ± 3.1

13.0 ± 1.8

17.0 ± 1.3

72.5 ± 1.4

1.91 ± 1.0

23.5 ± 1.9

81.0 ± 3.7

387.5 ± 67.0

203.1 ± 26.6

14 d R20

PFR1

22.1 ± 2.0

8.42 ± 1.4

26.0 ± 0.7

68.0 ± 3.7

0.60 ± 0.15

19.0 ± 1.5

60.0 ± 5.9

218.5 ± 33.2

112.1 ± 22.9

 

PFR2

30.1 ± 1.0

13.7 ± 0.1

18.4 ± 0.2

70.4 ± 0.2

1.68 ± 0.0

22.2 ± 1.1

73.3 ± 2.7

377.2 ± 14.4

148.0 ± 2.0

30% straw

 

PFR1

20.2 ± 2.2

24.5 ± 1.2

7.36 ± 0.4

7.90 ± 0.6

39.6 ± 0.2

25.9 ± 2.7

57.2 ± 0.3

8.1 ± 2.0

0.70 ± 0.3

42.1 ± 8.2

20.2 ± 1.8

31.6 ± 0.4

55.3 ± 3.5

36.0 ± 0.7

264.2 ± 26.6

310.0 ± 6.4b

97.2 ± 4.9

101.3 ± 4.2b

 

PFR2

         

66% straw

 

PFR1

13.8 ± 0.4

14.6 ± 0.2

5.03 ± 0.0

5.22 ± 0.0

37.3 ± 0.2

48.2 ± 0.9

51.4 ± 0.8

37.5 ± 0.3

0.42 ± 0.0

2.2 ± 0.7

16.0 ± 0.4

18.6 ± 0.4

56.0 ± 1.6

50.3 ± 0.8

200.8 ± 5.5

180.9 ± 3.0

72.6 ± 0.4

64.9 ± 0.6

 

PFR2

         

14 d R10

PFR1

11.5 ± 1.5

4.6 ± 0.4

53.5 ± 0.3

33.1 ± 0.4

2.3 ± 1.0

11.4 ± 1.5

55.4 ± 1.9

195.1 ± 23.0

77.6 ± 7.6

14 d

 

9.5 ± 0.3

3.6 ± 0.3

57.5 ± 0.3

29.8 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.1

9.4 ± 0.2

51.5 ± 5.9

192.9 ± 20.8

65.9 ± 5.8

30% straw

21 d R20

PFR2

35.1 ± 3.4

10.8 ± 0.8

45.6 ± 3.0

2.9 ± 0.1

38.5 ± 1.2

40.2 ± 2.6

33.7 ± 0.9

289.6 ± 21.7b

89.1 ± 3.6b

66% straw

  

21.4 ± 1.0

8.52 ± 0.4

35.5 ± 4.2

48.2 ± 7.6

2.1 ± 1.4

28.9 ± 2.5

58.8 ± 2.9

194.5 ± 11.1

77.8 ± 5.7

  1. R20—20% thin-sludge recirculation, R10—10% thin-sludge recirculation
  2. aNo quasi-steady-state reached; blactic acid fermentation