Fig. 1

Switching carbon metabolic flux for sesquiterpenes biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae. Native mentalism network is depicted with dark. Malonate can be transformed into acetoacetyl-CoA via synthetic MAAC pathway (red arrows). The engineered cytosolic MVA routes (green arrows) is responsible for β-caryophyllene formation. HXT7, high-affinity glucose transporter; HXK1, hexokinase; PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase; ADH2, ethanol dehydrogenase; ALD6, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; ACS1, acetyl coenzyme A synthetase; ACC1, acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase; Mae I, malonate transporter; MatB, malonyl-CoA synthase; Mat A, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase; ACCS, acetoacetyl-CoA synthase; ERG10, acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; ERG13, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase; tHMGr, truncated HMG-CoA reductase; ERG12, mevalonate kinase; ERG8, phosphomevalonate kinase; ERG19, mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase; IDI1, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; ERG20, farnesyl diphosphate synthase; QHS, β-caryophyllene synthase