Fig. 3

The construction of synthetic MAAC pathway for enhancing the production of β-caryophyllene. A Malonate transport efficiency by the action of malonic acid transport protein originated from various microorganisms. Recombinant strains were cultured in the YPD medium supplemented with 60 mM of malonate for 12 h. Then samples were taken for detection of malonic acid. B Gene expression levels of MatB from different origins in strains. Relative expression level was the intensity of MatB divided by the intensity of internal reference ALG9. C The amounts of malonyl-CoA in cells expressing Mae I and different sources of MatB after 36 h cultivation. D Relative β-caryophyllene production via four metabolic routes with malonate (blue bar) or not (yellow bar). The production of β-caryophyllene through MBC pathway in the presence of malonate was regarded as 100%. Data are presented here as mean values ± standard deviation (SD) calculated from n = 3 biological replicates. ** indicates significant pairwise differences between two bars, p < 0.01, *** indicates significant pairwise differences between two bars, p < 0.001