Fig. 2
Adsorption characteristics for itaconic acid and glucose on activated carbons. A Relation between polarity and affinity to hydrophobic activated carbons for the different itaconic acid species and glucose. Metabolites depicted in order of decreasing affinity. H2IA: fully protonated itaconic acid, HIA−: single protonated itaconic acid, IA2−: fully dissociated itaconic acid. B pH-dependent distribution of itaconic acid species as described in [45]. C pH-dependent adsorption capacity of itaconic acid and glucose from a 1:1 mixture (30 g/L) on Blücher 100562 activated carbon at T = 30 ℃ after 1 h of batch adsorption. D Relation of outlet to inlet concentration for itaconic acid and glucose over the relation of accumulated inlet volume to adsorbent volume for a continuous adsorption on an adsorption column. The column was filled with 4 mL of activated carbon. The adsorption experiment was performed with a 1:1 mixture (60 g/L) at T = 30 ℃ and an inlet flow rate of VF = 1 mL/min. E Illustration of the distribution of metabolites adsorbed to the column for the three different phases from the experiment depicted in D