Fig. 4

Deleting Tgparp could enhance the protective effect of MMP, thereby allocating more ATP to the ER of T. guizhouense under heat stress. a Hyphae characterization of wt and ΔTgparp after staining with JC-10; b Level of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in wt and ΔTgparp under heat stress, determined by evaluating the ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity. The box plot shows the median, lower and upper quartiles, and minimum and maximum the ratio values for each sample. C, d Relationship between ATP content and ire expression level with a gradual increase in temperature (from 28 °C to 37 °C) between wt and ΔTgparp. X-axis: temperature; Y-axis: the expression of ire relative to wt at 28 °C; Z-axis: the log₂ of ATP content (nmol·g⁻¹). e Confocal imaging analysis of hyphae from wt-ATP (left) and ΔTgparp-ATP (right) strains after staining with ER-Tracker™ Red, and bar = 3 μm. f, g ATP levels plotted for single pixels of the mycelium expressing the ATP sensor in wt-ATP and ΔTgparp-ATP. The ratios of the YFP/CFP emission intensities in each region with the ER pixels in wt-ATP (left) and ΔTgparp-ATP (right). h, i Fluorescence intensity of the three channels (ER‑Tracker, YFP, and CFP) detected in wt-ATP (left) and ΔTgparp-ATP (right). j Ratios of the YFP/CFP emission intensities from more mycelial samples between wt-ATP and ΔTgparp-ATP, and the median was utilized to assess ATP level