Table 2 Brief summary of SSF experiments carried out on hexose sugars.
Raw material | Type of pretreatment | Amount of solids 1 | Detoxification | Temp (°C) | Strain | Cultivation on hydrolyzate | Final ethanol conc. (g L-1) | Ethanol yield (%) 2 | Mode of operation 3 | Year and reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barley straw | Steam | 7.5% WIS | No | 35 | S. cerevisiae | Yes | 22.4 | 80 | Batch | 2007 [121] |
Salix | Steam | 9% WIS | No | 37 | S. cerevisiae | Yes | 32 | 76 | Batch | 2006 [120] |
Salix | Steam | 11% WIS | No | 37 | S. cerevisiae | Yes | 33 | 62 | Fed-batch | 2006 [120] |
Spruce | Steam | 10% WIS | No | 37 | S. cerevisiae | Yes | 44.5 | 84 | Batch | 2005 [117] |
Spruce | Steam | 6–10% WIS | No | 37 | S. cerevisiae | Yes | 44.5 | 84 | Fed-batch | 2005 [117] |
Yellow Poplar Hardwood | Dilute-acid | 11.5% WIS | LLE-OL 4 | 34 | Z. mobilis | No | 32.2 | 54 | Batch | 1999 [131] |
Poplar | Steam | 10% w/v | No (only solids in def. medium) | 42 | K. fragilis CECT 10875 | No | 19.0 | 71.2 | Shake flask | 2004 [138] |
Eucalyptus | Steam | 10% w/v | No (only solids in def. medium) | 42 | K. fragilis CECT 10875 | No | 17.0 | 62.5 | Shake flask | 2004 [138] |
Wheat straw | Steam | 10% w/v | No (only solids in def. medium) | 42 | K. fragilis CECT 10875 | No | 18.1 | 62.5 | Shake flask | 2004 [138] |
Sweet sorghum bagasse | Steam | 10% w/v | No (only solids in def. medium) | 42 | K. fragilis CECT 10875 | No | 16.2 | 60.9 | Shake flask | 2004 [138] |
B. carinata residue | Steam | 10% w/v | No (only solids in def. medium) | 42 | K. fragilis CECT 10875 | No | 19.0 | 68.1 | Shake flask | 2004 [138] |
Old corrugated cardboard (OCC) | none | 6 wt % | No, def. medium | 40 | K. fragilis | No | 14.1 | 61.2 * | Shake flask | 2004 [154] |
Old corrugated cardboard (OCC) | none | 6 wt % | No, def. medium | 40 | S. cerevisiae | No | 14.2 | 61.8 * | Shake flask | 2004 [154] |
Paper sludge | none | 6 wt % | No, def. medium | 40 | K. fragilis | No | 8.8 | 63.7 * | Shake flask | 2004 [154] |
Paper sludge | none | 6 wt % | No, def. medium | 40 | S. cerevisiae | No | 9.0 | 65.5 * | Shake flask | 2004 [154] |
Antigonum leptopus leaves | Alkaline + H2O2 | 10% w/v | No | 43 | K. fragilis | No | 27 | n.a. | Shake flask | 2001 [141] |
Antigonum leptopus leaves | Alkaline + H2O2 | 10% w/v | No | 40 | S. cerevisiae | No | 21 | n.a. | Shake flask | 2001 [141] |
Sugar cane leaves | Alkaline + H2O2 | 10% w/v | No | 43 | K. fragilis | No | 28 | n.a | Shake flask | 2001 [141] |
Sugar cane leaves | Alkaline + H2O2 | 10% w/v | No | 40 | S. cerevisiae | No | 22 | n.a. | Shake flask | 2001 [141] |
Willow (Salix caprea QO82) | Steam- pretreatment | 10% dry matter | No | 37 | S. cerevisiae | No | 28.7 | 84.4 | Batch | 1995 [122] |
Willow (Salix caprea QO82) | Steam | 10% dry matter | No | 37 | Z. mobilis | No | 27.9 | 82.1 | Batch | 1995 [122] |
Switchgrass | Dilute sulfuric acid | 7.5% w/v cellulose | No (only solids in def. medium) | 37 | S. cerevisiae & B. clausenii mixed culture | No | 37.0 * | 87 5 | Shake flask | 1992 [136] |
Sweetgum | Dilute sulfuric acid | 7.5% w/v cellulose | No (only solids in def. medium) | 37 | S. cerevisiae | No | 36.6 * | 86 5 | Shake flask | 1992 [136] |
Corn cob | Dilute sulfuric acid | 7.5% w/v cellulose | No (only solids in def. medium) | 37 | S. cerevisiae | No | 39.1 * | 94 5 | Shake flask | 1992 [136] |
Corn stover | Dilute sulfuric acid | 7.5% w/v cellulose | No (only solids in def. medium) | 37 | S. cerevisiae | No | 39.1 * | 92 5 | Shake flask | 1992 [136] |
Wheat straw | Dilute sulfuric acid | 7.5% w/v cellulose | No (only solids in def. medium) | 37 | S. cerevisiae | No | 38.3 * | 90 5 | Shake flask | 1992 [136] |
Populus | Dilute sulfuric acid | 7.5% w/v cellulose | No (only solids in def. medium) | 37 | S. cerevisiae | No | 38.3 * | 90 5 | Shake flask | 1991 [125] |
Populus | Dilute sulfuric acid | 7.5% w/v cellulose | No (only solids in def. medium) | 37 | S. cerevisiae | No | 36.6 * | 86 5 | Batch | 1991 [125] |