Figure 1

Experimental strategy tracking the genotypes and phenotypes along the microevolution from ethanol shock to tolerance. (A) Overview of experimental design. The three biological replicates for each sampled condition were indicated as dots. (B) Experiments to derive Xp (X_I) and X_II that tolerated 2% and 6% (v/v) ethanol respectively. EMS: ethylmethane sulfonate. Xp: the mixed culture which grew under 2% ethanol and from which X_I was isolated.