|
Alkali
|
Alkali loading (mmol/g dry biomass)
|
Solid recovery (%)
|
Composition (%)
|
|---|
|
Glucan
|
Xylan
|
Lignin
|
|---|
|
Untreated
|
NA
|
NA
|
30.33 ± 0.34
|
20.93 ± 0.23
|
20.46 ± 0.64
|
|
NaOH
|
0.83
|
72.8 ± 1.3
|
41.22 ± 0.12
|
28.94 ± 0.78
|
15.93 ± 0.27
|
|
NaOH
|
1.67
|
61.8 ± 2.4
|
48.62 ± 0.21
|
39.07 ± 0.56
|
13.62 ± 0.43
|
|
NaOH
|
2.50
|
57.9 ± 1.7
|
51.31 ± 0.75
|
32.26 ± 0.37
|
11.21 ± 0.29
|
|
NaOH
|
3.33
|
51.8 ± 3.9
|
57.25 ± 0.35
|
32.38 ± 0.74
|
8.21 ± 0.25
|
|
NaOH
|
4.17
|
51.3 ± 3.3
|
57.69 ± 0.55
|
30.81 ± 0.63
|
7.34 ± 0.36
|
|
NaOH
|
5.00
|
49.3 ± 2.2
|
60.04 ± 0.81
|
29.34 ± 0.39
|
7.27 ± 0.20
|
|
NaOH
|
6.67
|
47.7 ± 0.9
|
61.63 ± 0.22
|
27.55 ± 0.49
|
7.86 ± 0.83
|
|
KOH
|
0.83
|
71.5 ± 1.8
|
42.01 ± 0.33
|
26.34 ± 0.52
|
16.94 ± 0.31
|
|
KOH
|
1.67
|
62.8 ± 3.1
|
47.84 ± 0.51
|
29.10 ± 0.16
|
13.23 ± 0.58
|
|
KOH
|
2.50
|
60.7 ± 1.6
|
49.28 ± 0.73
|
29.28 ± 0.63
|
9.92 ± 0.56
|
|
KOH
|
3.33
|
58.2 ± 1.2
|
51.07 ± 0.23
|
28.62 ± 0.04
|
8.01 ± 0.72
|
|
KOH
|
4.17
|
51.9 ± 2.4
|
57.10 ± 0.95
|
30.02 ± 0.77
|
6.50 ± 0.25
|
|
KOH
|
5.00
|
51.5 ± 0.7
|
57.55 ± 0.64
|
29.43 ± 0.19
|
7.02 ± 0.28
|
|
KOH
|
6.67
|
50.5 ± 2.1
|
57.97 ± 0.63
|
26.97 ± 0.83
|
7.26 ± 0.46
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
0.83
|
78.3 ± 1.2
|
38.33 ± 0.76
|
23.89 ± 0.36
|
16.72 ± 0.39
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
1.67
|
81.7 ± 0.8
|
36.73 ± 0.42
|
23.18 ± 0.73
|
15.98 ± 0.32
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
2.50
|
68.7 ± 1.3
|
43.59 ± 0.33
|
26.55 ± 0.53
|
13.64 ± 0.17
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
3.33
|
69.2 ± 0.5
|
42.98 ± 0.08
|
26.85 ± 0.71
|
15.05 ± 0.31
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
4.17
|
70.7 ± 2.1
|
41.95 ± 0.55
|
26.20 ± 0.81
|
14.52 ± 0.48
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
5.00
|
71.3 ± 1.7
|
41.57 ± 0.18
|
25.82 ± 0.31
|
13.18 ± 0.17
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
6.67
|
69.5 ± 1.4
|
42.14 ± 0.38
|
26.13 ± 0.75
|
13.51 ± 0.42
|
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide; KOH, potassium hydroxide; Ca(OH)2, calcium hydroxide; NA, not applicable. All the data are shown as mean ± SD.
