Table 4 Summary of raw material costs
From: Bioethanol from poplar: a commercially viable alternative to fossil fuel in the European Union
Inputs | Price | Reference |
|---|---|---|
Sulphuric acid | 64.6 €/tonne | [41] |
Ammonia | 342.0 €/tonne | [40] |
Lime (Ca(OH)2) | 152.0 €/tonne | [40] |
Corn steep liquor | 43.3 €/tonne | [40] |
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) | 462.1 €/tonne | [42] |
Enzyme | 379.2 €/tonne | [43] |
Sorbitol | 858.8 €/tonne | [40] |
Caustic | 372.4 €/tonne | [44] |
Fresh water | 0.20 €/tonne | [40] |
Boiler feed water chemicals | 3808.6 €/tonne | [40] |
Cooling tower chemicals | 2720.4 €/tonne | [40] |