Table 1 Properties and working conditions in transesterification and degumming of all enzymes used
From: Combining phospholipases and a liquid lipase for one-step biodiesel production using crude oils
Transesterification | Enzymatic degumming | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Enzyme | Lipase | Phospholipase A1 | Phospholipase C | Lyso-phospholipase |
Commercial name | Callera Trans® L (Novozymes A/S) | Lecitase® Ultra (Novozymes A/S) | Purifine® (Verenium) | LLPL-2 (Novozymes A/S) |
pH | 5 | 4.5 to 5.5 | 7 | 4.5 to 4.8 |
Temperature | 35°C | 50 to 55°C | 60°C | 40 to 45°C |
Time reaction | 24 h | 4 to 6 h | 2 h | |
Dosage | 1% | 30 ppm | 200 ppm | 250 to 500 ppm |
H2O required | 2 to 3.5% | 3% | 1 to 4% | |
Methanola | 1.5 eqs | |||
Acid pretreatmentb | 0.065% Citric acid/0.025% Phosphoric acid | |||
Caustic neutralizationb | 2 eqs NaOH | |||