Figure 3

Distance maps calculated from CSLM images. (a) Control, (b) ZC, (c) SG, and (d) HS reactor samples pseudo-colored to depict cell wall thickness. (e) Mean cell wall thicknesses with standard deviations were determined from the centerline of the cell walls in the distance maps. CSLM, confocal scanning laser microscopy; HS, horizontal screw; SG, steam gun; ZC, ZipperClave®.