|
SSF
|
Substrate
|
Water insoluble solids (WIS)
|
Yeast loading amount, g
|
Enzyme loading, FPU
|
Glucosee, g
|
Ethanol
|
|---|
|
% (w/w)
|
Amount, g
|
g L-1
|
%f
|
|---|
|
B*
|
Slurry
|
19
|
285
|
7.5
|
2138
|
68.0
|
2.1
|
2
|
|
B
|
Solid fractiona
|
20
|
300
|
7.5
|
2250
|
0.1
|
9.5
|
13
|
|
FB
|
Solid fractiona
|
10 to 20b
|
50 to 300
|
7.5
|
1125 to 2250d
|
0.1
|
27.9
|
37
|
|
FB
|
Solid fractiona
|
10 to 20b
|
50 to 300
|
3.5 to 7.5c
|
2250
|
0.5
|
33
|
44
|
|
FB
|
Solid fractiona
|
10 to 20b
|
50 to 300
|
3.5 to 7.5c
|
1125 to 2250d
|
0.5
|
40
|
53
|
- *Batch SSF was carried out with prehydrolysis of 24 h. aThe solid fraction with a WIS content of 31% (w/w) was not washed and therefore, free sugars and inhibitors exist in it but in lower amounts compared to the slurry. bFed-batch experiments started as a batch at 10% WIS with a working weight of 500 g. After 8 h, substrate was fed every 4 or 8 h until 65 h to a final WIS content of 20%. cFed-batch experiments started as a batch with an initial yeast loading of 3.5 g (7 g L-1). After 8 h, cell suspension was fed every 4 or 8 h until 65 h to a final yeast amount of 7.5 g (5 g L-1). dFed-batch experiments started as a batch with an initial enzyme loading of 1125 filter paper units (FPU) (22.5 FPU g of WIS-1). After 8 h, enzyme preparation was fed every 4 or 8 h until 65 h to a final enzyme loading of 2250 FPU (7.5 FPU g of WIS-1). eResidual amounts of glucose at the end of 96 h of SSF. fYield of theoretical maximum based on the total amount of glucose, mannose and galactose in the pretreated spruce. Yields are calculated for the concentrations after 96 h of SSF.
