Fatty acid synthesis in Escherichia coli and its applications towards the production of fatty acid based biofuels

Table 1 Efficiency of genetic modifications

Variable	Background	Improvement of the total yield (x-fold)	References
Thioesterase - overexpression	Wild-type	12-fold to 35-fold (1)	[26, 195, 202]
ΔfadD	Wild-type	3-fold to 10-fold (1)	[143, 194, 202]
ΔfadE	Wild-type	5-fold (1)	[196]
Thioesterase - overexpression	ΔfadD	1.5-fold to 11.5-fold (2)	[26, 143, 202]
Thioesterase - overexpression	ΔfadE	4-fold (2)	[196]
ΔfadD	Thioesterase overexpression	2-fold (2)	[26]
ΔfadE	Thioesterase overexpression	3-fold (2)	[26]
accABCD	ΔfadD or ΔfadD + Thioesterase overexpression	1.1-fold to 1.33-fold (2)	[143, 202]
fabF	Thioesterase overexpression + ΔfadE	15 fold diminished or 3-fold enhanced (2)	[152, 196]
fabZ	Thioesterase overexpression + ΔfadD or ΔfadE	3-fold enhanced or no change (2)	[196, 204]
fabG; fabZ; fabI	Thioesterase overexpression + ΔfadE	1.5-fold (2)	[196]
fabA	Thioesterase overexpression + ΔfadE	1.1-fold (2)	[152]
fabB	Thioesterase overexpression + ΔfadE	2.3-fold (2)	[152]
fabBA	Thioesterase overexpression + ΔfadE	1.7-fold (2)	[152]
fadR	Thioesterase overexpression + ΔfadE	7.4-fold (2)	[152]

(1) Wild-type = 0.02 g l^-1[143]. (2) Compared with the reference strain of the same study. The table is sorted according to the overexpression or deletion of a single gene (variable). For calculation of the yield improvement, we compared the final fatty acid concentration of the background strain with the same strain plus deletion or overexpression of the respective gene. Thioesterases from different organisms have been tested, but were always expressed as a cytosolic enzyme. All other genes in this table were derived from E. coli.

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