Deep metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses of microbial communities affiliated with an industrial biogas fermenter, a cow rumen, and elephant feces reveal major differences in carbohydrate hydrolysis strategies

Table 2 Ratio of the phyla Firmicutes vs. Bacteroidetes in biogas fermenters and herbivorous animals

Microbiome/community	Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes phyla ratio		Reference/data source
Microbiome/community	16S amplicon-based analysis	Metagenome-based analysis	Reference/data source
Biogas fermenter	2.4:1	5.2:1	This study
Biogas fermenter	–	4.7:1	[25]
Biogas fermenter (dry fermentation)	–	4.1:1	[3]
Biogas fermenter (wet fermentation)	–	3.9:1	[3]
Biogas fermenter	9.6:1	5.9:1	[4]
Biogas fermenter	–	9.6:1	[2]
Mean	6:1	5.6:1
Asian elephant feces	0.8:1	1.6:1	[15]
Switchgrass incubated in cow rumen	–	1.5:1	[23]
Rumen of a hay-fed cow	0.8–1.7:1	–	[14]
Svalbard reindeer Rumen	0.5:1	0.4:1	[18]
White rhinoceros feces	1.6–2.7:1	–	[24]
Rex rabbit feces	0.8–1.3:1	–	[16]
Rumen of a pasture-fed sheep	0.3–0.5:1	–	[14]
Giraffe rumen	1.6:1	–	[17]
Mean	1:1	1.2:1

The data are based on the data sets published in the indicated references or on data produced in this study

ISSN: 2731-3654