Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Table 3 Estimated production and consumption of cofactors and ATP by E. coli BW25113 and the ΔptsGglpK* mutant

From: Elucidation of the co-metabolism of glycerol and glucose in Escherichia coli by genetic engineering, transcription profiling, and ¹³C metabolic flux analysis

Strain	Wild type		∆ptsGglpK*
a NADH
Dilution rate (h⁻¹)	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.35
GLPDH	0	0	0	0
Glycolysis	6.77	27.64	6.09	26.90
TCA cycle	4.67	6.95	4.12	1.30
PP pathway	0	0	0	0
Anaplerotic pathway	0.03	0.33	0.02	0.25
Acetate formation	0	0	0	0
Biomass formation	0.33	1.17	0.33	1.17
Transhydrogenation	1.45	0.47	1.17	−2.26
Oxidative phosphorylation	−13.25	−36.57	−11.72	−28.18
b FADH₂
Dilution rate (h⁻¹)	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.35
GLPDH	2.01	1.72	1.87	13.90
Glycolysis	0	0	0	0
TCA cycle	2.36	3.80	2.07	1.30
PP pathway	0	0	0	0
Anaplerotic pathway	0	0	0	0
Acetate formation	0	0	0	0
Biomass formation	0	0	0	0
Transhydrogenation	0	0	0	0
Oxidative phosphorylation	−4.37	−5.52	−3.94	−15.20
c NADPH
Dilution rate (h⁻¹)	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.35
GLPDH	0	0	0	0
Glycolysis	0	0	0	0
TCA cycle	2.19	4.34	2.04	1.84
PP pathway	1.02	2.12	0.92	1.94
Anaplerotic pathway	0.03	0.33	0.02	0.25
Acetate formation	0	0	0	0
Biomass formation	−1.80	−6.30	−1.80	−6.30
Transhydrogenation	−1.45	−0.47	−1.17	2.26
Oxidative phosphorylation	0	0	0	0
d ATP
Dilution rate (h⁻¹)	0.1	0.35	0.1	0.35
Glucose uptake	0	0	−0.96	−1.14
Glycerol uptake	−2.01	−1.72	−1.87	−13.90
GLPDH	0	0	0	0
Glycolysis	5.25	13.99	5.68	27.11
TCA cycle	2.04	3.80	1.88	1.30
PP pathway	0	0	0	0
Anaplerotic pathway	0	0	0	0
Acetate formation	0	6.97	0	9.13
Biomass formation	−2.30	−8.05	−2.30	−8.05
Transhydrogenation	0	0	0	0
Oxidative phosphorylation^a	48.49		43.08
Oxidative phosphorylation^b		99.48
Oxidative phosphorylation^c				71.57
Maintenance cost	51.47	114.47	45.51	86.37

a NADH. b FADH₂. c NADPH. d ATP
All the fluxes shown are absolute values (mmol/g/h)
^aThe P/O ratios for NADH and FADH₂ were 3 and 2, respectively
^bThe P/O ratios for NADH and FADH₂ were 2.5 and 1.5, respectively
^cThe P/O ratios for NADH and FADH₂ were 2 and 1, respectively

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