Fig. 2

Production of glycolic acid (GA) by optimized E. coli strains during growth on a synthetic mixture. a Strain Pen905 (∆aceB ∆glcDEFGB ∆gcl ∆edd-eda ∆iclR ∆arcA ∆icd ∆xylB expressing pGS and pX1P). b Strain Pen979 (∆aceB ∆glcDEFGB ∆gcl ∆edd-eda ∆iclR ∆arcA ∆icd ∆xylB galP ^proD expressing pGS and pX1P). Initial glucose and xylose concentrations were 2.5 and 5 g/l, respectively. Cultivation was carried out in shake flasks at 30 °C