Table 1 Production of glycolic acid (GA) by different engineered microorganisms
Microorganism | Strain characteristics | Experimental conditions | Final GA conc. [g/L] | GA yield [g/g] | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Escherichia coli | Engineered glyoxylate shunt Reduced expression of icd by weak promoter Deletion of aceB, gcl, glcDEFGB, aldA, iclR, edd-eda, poxB, ackA + pta, ldhA, mgsA, arcA Overexpression of ghrA and aceA | Shake flask Mineral medium + 10 g/l glucose | 5.14 | 0.52 | [12] |
Engineered glyoxylate shunt Reduced expression of icd by weak promoter Deletion of aceB, gcl, glcDEFGB, aldA, iclR, edd-eda, poxB, ackA + pta, arcA Overexpression of ghrA and aceA | Fed-batch fermentation Mineral medium + glucose | 52.2 | 0.38 | ||
Kluyveromyces lactis | Engineered glyoxylate shunt Deletion of MLS1, IDP2 Overexpression of GLYR1 | Fed batch fermentation Mineral medium with xylose and ethanol at mass ratio of 1:35 | 15 | nr | [13] |
Corynebacterium glutamicum | Engineered glyoxylate shunt Reduced expression of icd Deletion of aceB Overexpression of ghrA | Shake flask CGXII minimal medium (10.8 g/l glucose + 10.6 g/l acetate) | 5.30 | 0.18 | [15] |
E. coli | Synthetic (d)-xylulose-1P pathway Expression of khkC, aldoB, aldA Deletion of xylB, glcD | Shake flask Mineral medium + 10 g/l xylose | 4.30 | 0.46 | [16] |
E. coli | Engineered glyoxylate shunt Deletion of aceB, glcB Overexpression of ghrA, aceA, aceK Evolved strain | Shake flask Mineral medium + 8 g/l glucose | 2.66 | 0.33 | [11] |
Batch bioreactor Mineral medium + 19 g/l glucose | 8.96 | 0.48 | |||
Fed batch bioreactor Mineral medium + glucose | 56.44 | 0.52 | |||
E. coli | Synthetic xylulose epimerase pathway Expression of Pc-dte, fucK, fucA, aldA Deletion of glcD, xylB | Test tube Mineral medium + 10 g/l xylose | 3.43 | 0.46 | [14] |
Batch bioreactor Mineral medium + >100 g/l xylose | 44.00 | 0.44 | |||
Synthetic xylulose epimerase pathway+engineered glyoxylate shunt Expression of Pc-dte, fucK, fucA, aldA Deletion of glcD, xylB, aceB, glcB, gcl Overexpression of ghrA, aceA and aceK | Batch bioreactor Mineral medium + 65 g/l xylose | 40.00 | 0.63 | ||
E. coli | Engineered glyoxylate shunt | Shake flask Mineral medium + 10 g/l glucose (2 g/l tryptone, 1 g/l yeast extract) | 2.64 | 0.31 | This study |
Synthetic (d)-xylulose-1P pathway + engineered glyoxylate shunt Expression of khkC, aldoB, aldA Deletion of aceB, gcl, glcDEFGB, iclR, edd-eda, arcA, icd, xylB Overexpression of ghrA and aceA | Shake flask Mineral medium + 10 g/l xylose (2 g/l tryptone, 1 g/l yeast extract) | 2.24 | 0.43 | ||
Synthetic (d)-xylulose-1P pathway + engineered glyoxylate shunt Expression of khkC, aldoB, aldA Deletion of aceB, gcl, glcDEFGB, iclR, edd-eda, arcA, icd, xylB Overexpression of ghrA and aceA galPexpressed from constitutive promoter proD | Shake flask Mineral medium + 2,5 g/l glucose and 5 g/l xylose (2 g/l tryptone, 1 g/l yeast extract) | 3.73 | 0.63 (0.75)* |