Fig. 5
From: Systematic engineering of pentose phosphate pathway improves Escherichia coli succinate production
Alleviating metabolic imbalance via the MMME approach. Succinate titers of the starting strains with H-ZPG, H-RR, and H-TT are only 34, 106, and 296Â mM, respectively. For H-ZPG, the M-RR/M-TT leads to a sevenfold increase of succinate to 237Â mM. For H-RR, the M-ZPG intervention increases its titer by 148% to 263Â mM, and following H-TT modification, it further increases by 22% to 321Â mM. For H-TT, M-ZPG/M-RR finally increased succinate titer by 11% to 328Â mM. Values are the average of three biological replicates with error bars indicating one standard deviation. L, low expression level; M, medium expression level; H, high expression level; MMME, modified multivariate modular metabolic engineering