From: Integrating enzyme fermentation in lignocellulosic ethanol production: life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis
MJ primary energy MJ−1 ethanol
ISO
RED
Off-site
A
A+
B
B+
Base case
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.0
1.9
Off-site enzyme activity +50%
Enzyme dosage based on [7]
Solid fuel substitutes coal
2.4