Fig. 1

Yeast response to acetic acid and low pH. a Pre-cultivation of the S. cerevisiae TMB3500 strain in aerobic batch mode in defined mineral medium at pH 5.0 without (round) or with 6 g L⁻¹ acetic acid (square). b Cell dry weight (full lines) and % viability (dotted lines) after 24 h aerobic batch cultivation in defined mineral medium at pH 3.7 with 6 g L⁻¹ acetic acid from pre-cultures at pH 5.0 with (blue) and without (grey) 6 g L⁻¹ acetic acid. Error bars represent standard error of biological duplicates (n = 2)