Life cycle assessment of residual lignocellulosic biomass-based jet fuel with activated carbon and lignosulfonate as co-products

Pierobon, Francesca; Eastin, Ivan L.; Ganguly, Indroneil

doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1141-9

Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Table 3 Aggregated mass and energy inputs and outputs for the bio-refinery units.

From: Life cycle assessment of residual lignocellulosic biomass-based jet fuel with activated carbon and lignosulfonate as co-products

Feedstock preparation and pretreatment		Enzymatic hydrolysis		Fermentation and upgrading, pyrolysis unit and lignosulfonate concentration		Wastewater treatment		Boiler
Inputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	450,018.2	Inputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	404,513.7	Inputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	737,715.3	Inputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	556,326.6	Inputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	342,686.6
Forest residual	91,372.9	Pretreated pulp	65,507.8	Hydrolysate	69,662.7	Fermentation residual stillage	8308.0	Hog fuel	31,297.9
Sulfur	2993.7	Corn steep liquor	199.6	Spent sulfite liquor	24,604.7	Spent sulfite liquor condensate	1886.0	Forest residual fines	8223.6
Calcium carbonate	2948.4	Glucose	3401.9	Proprietary inputs [41]	29,057.1	Chemicals	43.6	Pyrolysis vapors	28,503.7
Sodium hydroxide	113.4	Lime	471.7	Pyrolysis carrier gas	27,215.5	Water^a	546,088.9
Water^a	60,920.9	NH₃	136.1	Water^a	587,175.3			Biogas	3527.6
Process water^b	291,669.0	SO₂	18.1					Sludge	5681.5
		HTEC enzyme	263.1					Combustion air	27,215.5
		Water^a	129,319.2					Water^a	27,869.8
		Process water**	205,196.1					Steam condensate	210,367.1
Outputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	450,022.5	Outputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	404,514.4	Outputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	737,715.1	Outputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	556,326.1	Outputs (kg h ⁻¹ )	342,686.7
Pretreated pulp	65,507.8	Hydrolysate	69,662.7	IPK	12,201.6	Waste water solids	11.1	Steam	210,367.1
Spent sulfite liquor	24,604.7	Saccharification vent	1711.7	Lignosulfonate	21,191.8	Biogas	3527.6	Waste	2421.8
Pretreatment combined vent	850.9	Water^a	333,140.0	Activated carbon	6797.5	Sludge	5681.5	Emissions to air	102,028.0
Forest residual fines	8223.6			Fermentation residual stillage	8308.0	Emissions to air	1017.0	Water^a	27,869.8
Water^a	350,835.6			Spent sulfite liquor condensate	1886.0	Water^a	25,207.4
				Pyrolysis vapors	28,503.7	Recycling water^b	520,881.5
				Emissions to air	16,104.3
				Water^a	642,722.2
Energy inputs
Steam (kg h⁻¹)	71,939.7	Steam (kg h⁻¹)	444.5	Steam (kg h⁻¹)	137,982.8	Steam (kg h⁻¹)	0.0	Steam (kg h⁻¹)	0.0
Electricity (MWh)	4.7	Electricity (MWh)	0.2	Electricity (MWh)	37.5	Electricity (MWh)	9.9	Electricity (MWh)	2.0

^aTotal water content of the inputs/outputs
^bProcess water added to the system (recycling water from wastewater treatment)

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