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Fig. 3 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 3

From: Yeast lipids from cardoon stalks, stranded driftwood and olive tree pruning residues as possible extra sources of oils for producing biofuels and biochemicals

Fig. 3

PCA of the composition of lipids produced by Leucosporidium creatinivorum DBVPG 4794, Naganishia adeliensis DBVPG 5195 and Solicoccozyma terricola DBVPG 5870 grown on steam-exploded and hydrolyzed CS (cardoon stalks, a, b), SD1, SD2 (stranded driftwood, c, d), OTPR1 and OTPR2 (olive tree pruning residues, e, f) at 20 and 25 °C and the composition of oils obtained from palm, olive, peanut, rape, soybean, sunflower, grape, H.O. sunflower, almond and corn oil. C16:0 palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), C18:0 stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), Δ9C18:1 oleic acid [(9E9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid], ∆9,12C18:2 linoleic acid [(9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid], ∆9,12,15C18:3 α-linolenic acid [(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid]. SFA =  % of saturated FA; UFA =  % of unsaturated FA; UI = unsaturation index. a, b Na 20 and Na 25, St 20 and St 25 = N. adeliensis and S. terricola, respectively, grown on CS at 20 and 25 °C. c, d Lc 20-1 and Lc 20-2 = L. creatinivorum grown on SD1 and SD2, respectively, incubated at 20 °C; Na 20-1, Na 20-2, Na 25-1 and Na 25-2 = N. adeliensis grown on SD1 and SD2, respectively, incubated at 20 and 25 °C; St 20-2 and St 25-2 = S. terricola grown on SD2, incubated at 20 and 25 °C. e, f: Lc 20-1 and Lc 25-1 = L. creatinivorum grown on OTPR1, incubated at 20 and 25 °C; Na 20-1, Na 20-2, Na 25-1 and Na 25-2 = N. adeliensis grown on OTPR1 and OTPR2, respectively, incubated at 20 and 25 °C; St 20-1 = S. terricola grown on OTPR1, incubated at 20 °C

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