Fig. 1

Phenotypic observations and map-based cloning of the gene for fc17. a Brittleness of leaves and culms. b Measurements of the extension forces (Newtons) of leaves and culms. c Measurements of the breaking forces (Newtons) of basal stem internodes. d Location of fc17 mutation with substitutions of Phe residues with Ser at the 426th position of the CESA4 protein. e Schematic diagram of domains and the location of fc17 mutation in CESA4. f Protein sequences alignment of FC17 protein family. Black asterisk represents the mutated amino acid. g Expression pattern of CESA4 in various tissues and organs